We agree with the call for nature-based solutions that address the climate crisis. In this paper, we stress the need to integrate our rich scientific knowledge of biodiversity as a part of this framework.

Using 13 years of Eddy Covariance CO2 flux measurements at a temperate peatland, we predict that future climate warming will increase non-growing season net ecosystem exchanges of CO2, with greater CO2 emissions resulting from increases in radiative forcing.

The emergence of deserts in Arabia had a decisive impact on the evolution and migratory movements of mammals including our human ancestors. This is one of our conclusions after studying a 10-million-year climate history of Arabia, respectively Mesopotamia.